History Memory - the Queen - 2818 Words

Advanced English - Essay Explore How The Queen Two Other Related Texts Of Your Own Choosing Represent History Memory In Unique Evocative Ways History consists of what is known, remembered and recorded about the past in as objective a way as possible. Memory can be a fragmented yet still valid perspective on the past which enables History to fill in the gaps. The concepts of History Memory are featured in the texts, The Queen, a film directed by Stephen Frears, Kurt Cobains Suicide Letter and the documentary Fahrenheit 9/11 by Michael Moore in a unique and evocative style. All texts are representations or constructs of events which present a point of view containing bias and subjectivity. The Queen released in 2006 uses†¦show more content†¦This is juxtaposed with the scene which features the Royal family’s reactions to the news of her death which presents them in a negative light. Her image is reinforced in the Royal families dialogue; Prince Phillip says, Whats she done now? to which the Queen replies You know what shes like, both implying their expectation of inappropriate behaviour. This challenges audi ences to consider the conflicting perspectives of Diana and question their own memories. The idea of challenging audience’s memories by presenting people in a different light is also shown in Kurt Cobains Suicide Letter. In the letter Cobain uses the technique of rhetorical question, as seen in the line Im too much of an erratic, moody baby! Do I even have the passion anymore? to reveal his private yet real persona which uniquely positions readers to challenge their personal and collective memories of Cobains persona as a public figure as the public was unaware of his deeply emotional side as the New York Times wrote when announcing Cobains death. Music can serve as a way for the composer to engage audiences and emphasize the feelings that the moment is creating. The music featured through-out The Queen is mostly of a sad and sorrowful tone, especially when shown with images such as the sea of flowersShow MoreRelatedThe Impact of Queen Victorias Death on Australia1268 Words   |  6 PagesQueen Victorias Death Queen Victorias reign, lasted 63 years, from 1837 to 1901. She ascended the throne of Great Britain, when she was 18. Despite being the Queen of Britain, and a very influential and prominent person, she also had an impact on Australian history. In Australia the most apparent legacy of Queen Victorias reign is manifested in the names of the two states, Victoria and Queensland. There are also a large number of other important buildings and places, named in her honor suchRead MoreSimilarities Between Kendare Blake And Fire1025 Words   |  5 Pages The two stories One Dark Throne, by Kendare Blake and Fire, by Kristin Cashore are similar while being different. The first story takes place on a hidden island named Fennbrin, where three queens fight to the death for the throne. Each queen is born into a respective category. Arsinoe the naturalist who has a strong bond with nature and their own animal companion called a familiar. Mirabella the elemental who can control the elements. Finall y, Katherine the poisoner who is immune to poison and prefersRead MoreHomecoming Persuasive Essay734 Words   |  3 Pagesand show your school spirit. They have a homecoming football game which is so fun because you have people coming out to support your school. They also all teacher to show their spirit and dress up. They have students running for homecoming king and queen. 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Queen Elizabeth I influenced the Golden Age, bringing learned arts and education into popularity. The Victorian era became known as an age of great wealth and expansion for the British Empire which is attributed to Queen Victoria’s reign. What made these seemingly ordinary women become some of the greatest monarchs in British history? These famousRead MoreMy Vacation At Wheeling W. Virginia And We Rent A Massive Cabin1423 Words   |  6 Pagesimportant cards are they affect our lives more than we can imagine. Because when you open the deck and shuffle find the origin of cards and their evolution. Then we deal those cards and discover some interesting non-traditional uses in more recent history. and fin ally look at our cards to find current implications of their uses. Now when you do open the deck you can see the origin of cards and their evolution into the cards we know today. The first record of card games originated during the 9th centuryRead MoreThe Long Queen And The Map Women By Carol Ann Duffy1254 Words   |  6 PagesThere is significant evidence throughout both The Long Queen and The Map Women to indicate that suffering is a central element of female experience. Both of these poems are present in the Feminine Gospels written by Carol Ann Duffy. The collection of poetry is seen to be teachings of feminism aiming to provide the reader visions of female identity. One feature of this identity that is examined within these two poems is the theme of mental and physical suffering that women universally endureRead MoreCompare And Contrast The Long Queen And The Map Women1250 Words   |  5 PagesThere is significant evidence throughout both The Long Queen and The Map Women to indicate that suffering is a central element of female experien ce. Both poems are present in the Feminine Gospels written by Carol Ann Duffy. The collection of poetry is seen to be teachings of feminism aiming to provide the reader visions of female identity. One feature of this identity that is examined within these two poems is the theme of mental and physical suffering that women universally endure. ThroughRead More The Life of Queen Elizabeth I Essay824 Words   |  4 PagesThe Life of Queen Elizabeth I Queen Elizabeth was born in Greenwich Palace on September 7, 1533. She died on March 24, 1603, of natural causes. Her father was Henry VII. His second wife, Anne Boleyn was Elizabeths mother. King Henry wanted a son, but received a daughter, instead, from his second wife. Before Elizabeths third birthday, Henry had her mother beheaded on charges of adultery and treason. Elizabeth was brought up in a separate household at Hatfield (not known)Read MoreElizabeth The First Was The Queen Of England And Ireland1692 Words   |  7 PagesElizabeth the First was the Queen of England and Ireland from 1553 to 1603. 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The Effect of Smoking Free Essays

In today’s civilization, tobacco smoking has always been discouraged by communities and organizations due to its lethal effects on human health, but its impact on the environment has not been taken into account. Even though people are aware of all the side-effects, that are associated with smoking, they still tend to try it anyways. Not only is tobacco bad for the user, but it can be a danger to the planet itself. We will write a custom essay sample on The Effect of Smoking or any similar topic only for you Order Now This results because of deforestation, a polluted ecosystem, and unfertile soil. Tobacco smoking is an addictive habit that is becoming increasingly common. As the number of people smoking tobacco grows, farmers figure out ways to make more of it. Unfortunately, they result to clearing land reserved for forests. Before the tobacco plant can be used to make cigarettes, it has to be dried or cured. The main approach farmers take to cure the crop is usually coal, natural gas or oil. Since tobacco farmers come from poor countries, they must use the most economically suitable option, firewood. In order to provide this wood, large amounts of trees are dislodged. Trees have much importance and use in our ecosystem that most people don’t understand. As stated by the Tree and Shrub Company, they play their role in the environment by providing oxygen, improving air quality, climate amelioration, conserving water, preserving soil, and supporting wildlife (â€Å"Importance and Value of Trees†). Even though deforestation helps in producing tobacco, its negative impacts overweigh the positive and as a result, it will lead to a damaged environment. Tobacco smoke’s indirect effect on the environment does not end there. Another major issue that smoking tobacco brings is that it pollutes the water. This can be brought back to the farms in which the tobacco seeds are planted. These plants are vulnerable to thousands of insects that may bring sickness to the plant, causing death. Consequently, plants are sprayed regularly and heavily with pesticide to prevent pests and disease. This in turn brings rise to other problems such as a danger to the health of the farmer and these chemicals have a risk of leaking into the community water. This will cause the water to become contaminated, and affect not only the community but most species in that environment. As pesticides move from our lawn to nearby rivers and streams, they bring harmful chemicals along the way. This not only pollutes the water, but it also risks the lives of the animals in that environment. Not only will these pesticides risk animal lives, but it will also decrease water quality by huge amounts making the community at risk from getting sick from the water. Another major issue people don’t consider while smoking tobacco is it’s impact on the soil. Ground pollution is one of the main concerns for the environment. Tobacco plants demand high concentrations of fertilizer for optimal growth. Since these plants are grown in poor countries, farmers cannot afford fertilizers. Consequently, the plants absorb nutrients from the soil until infertility occurs. This may seem simple, but the effect on the environment is huge. Due to lack of nutrients in the soil, plants that depended on it will usually be denied the nutrients they so badly need. As a result, most plants will become either very weak or they will die. This not only decreases wildlife species, but it endangers other animals as well. This is because animals that depend on those plants will most likely lose their source of food, leading to the extinction of those species. How to cite The Effect of Smoking, Papers

Reducing Loneliness Isolation Among Older -Myassignmenthelp.Com

Questions: Can Computer Usage Prevent Social Isolation And Loneliness Among The Elderly? Can Internet Use Alleviate Loneliness Among Older Adults? Answers: Introduction Loneliness is considered as serious mental health disorders that exist across the wide spectrum of aged care and residential care facilities. Loneliness has been portrayed as an essential part of human existence in the Bible as well as the Greek mythology. In recent years, isolation has become a part of the ageing experience. Increased geographical and social mobility, reduced intergenerational living and increase in number of one person households adds to the loneliness (Perissinotto, Cenzer Covinsky, 2012). This health concern is often associated with stigma and stereotypes related to personal failure that makes older adults feel ignored or not accepted. A study conducted in the year 2013 suggested that more than half residents at an aged care home experienced loneliness (55% of 296 residents) (Victor Bowling, 2012). Manifestation of these feelings are also correlated with the development of several health disorders such as, depression, cardiovascular diseases, increased falls in elderly and recurrent hospitalizations to the emergency department. Such older residents who demonstrate depression and loneliness are more susceptible to exhibit agitation and aggressive behaviour and are found to engage in conflicts with the staff frequently (Steptoe, Shankar, Demakakos Wardle, 2013). This research proposal will focus on interventions to effectively reduce loneliness among elderly people living in residential homes. The purpose of the research proposal is to investigate the effectiveness of internet interventions and computer training in reducing social isolation and loneliness among older adults living in a residential care centre. The hypothesis Computer proficiency and internet engagement will reduce loneliness among older adults and will create a positive effect on the quality of life. Literature review Several electronic databases such as, CINAHL and MEDLINE were extensively searched to extract peer reviewed articles published in English, not prior to 2012. Several key search terms and boolean operators helped in locating multiple articles that evaluated the effects of information technology and internet use in reducing loneliness in the elderly. The systematic review conducted by Chen and Schulz (2016) explores the effects of information and communication technologies on prevention of social isolation in elderly people. Inclusion of 25 publications after a thorough search of electronic databases provides evidences that suggest that ICT interventions are effective in reducing perceived social isolation among the elderly. Most studies included in the review demonstrate a positive correlation of computer usage and internet with lowered social isolation. Similar findings are demonstrated by a randomized controlled trial that examines the effect of internet on loneliness and social isolation in independent and assisted older living communities. Randomisation of older adults into three groups namely, the ICT treatment, true control and attention control is followed by 8 weeks of computer and internet training for communicating with friends and family in the sample group. Measurement of the socioemotional outcomes over a period of 1 year demonstrated that ICT makes it easier for them to communicate, reduces feelings of loneliness and makes them feel more connected to family and friends (Cotten, Anderson McCullough, 2013). The quasi-experimental study conducted by BlaÃ… ¾un, Saranto and Rissanen (2012) evaluates the self-reported amount of loneliness among older people in Slovenia and Finland and suggests a statistically significant difference in loneliness reduction between the countries among people who complete the ICT course. The effects of computer proficiency and engagement in alleviating levels of loneliness are therefore established. On examining the impacts of internet usage in depression among the elderly, Cotten, Ford, Ford and Hale (2012) suggest that internet makes a positive contribution on the mental wellbeing of retired older persons (50 years) and also reduces depression by an approximate rate of 20-28%. This is also supported by results of a study that tests social support and loneliness as potential mediators for modifying relationship between well-being and internet usage. Data analysis indicates that internet use is a significant predictor of reduced loneliness, enhanced life satisfaction and increased social support (Heo, Chun, Lee, Lee Kim, 2015). Another meta-analysis also suggests the effectiveness of internet interventions in reducing loneliness among the elderly. It emphasized on the role of the intervention in reinforcing social support, thereby improving communication and eliminating loneliness (Choi, Kong Jung, 2012). Significance of the research The research proposal aims at investigating the implications of teaching older adults the usage of internet and computer skills. Several debates exist on determining whether use of the internet decreases or increases social isolation among older people. Although multiple trials have been carried out to show the benefits of internet usage on reducing loneliness and isolation among the elderly, as shown in the literature review, there exist some studies that find computer training and internet of little or negligible benefit (Yao Zhong, 2014). Hence, this research might serve as an important source of reference for other researchers, students and data analysts who intend to apply the intervention in improving their overall wellbeing and mental health. Practical outcomes The research is based on the assumption that increasing the computer proficiency and internet literacy among older adults will help in improving loneliness experienced at residential care and aged care homes. Implementing appropriate interventions related to internet usage will increase their social connectivity and communication with family and friends. The usage of internet will also enrich the lives of the isolated elderly. Significance to the field Effects of loneliness on mortality are greater than other established risk factors such as, sedentary lifestyle and obesity. Thus, the research will play an important role in reducing mortality rates. Proposed Research Methodology The study will recruit 80 older people (regardless of their gender) from 3 aged care and residential homes across the city. The participants belonging to the age group of 65-85 years will be selected. Inclusion criteria will include a minimum of 11 years of education and should have been retired for 5 years on an average. Residents suffering from cognitive and severe mental decline will not be included in the study to prevent inaccurate results. There will be no differentiation based on race or gender. Sampling method 80 participants will be randomized to two groups namely, the sample group (receiving the intervention) and the rest to the control group (without access to the internet). Randomization will result in an unbiased assessment of the effects of the proposed intervention on the equal number of participants among the 2 groups (Treweek et al., 2013). Methodology The research will encompass a quantitative analysis where the participants will be made to undergo a survey by providing numbers on a likert scale for demonstrating their feelings and satisfaction score. This will help in obtaining real data and will assist in monitoring the success of the intervention. Design framework The study will be based on an experimental design where the predictor variable (internet usage) can be manipulated to identify the cause-and-effect relationship. The research will involve an experimental group that will be subjected to the intervention and a placebo group that will exist in inert or non-manipulative conditions (Furtak, Seidel, Iverson Briggs, 2012). Data collection Participants from both the groups will be subjected to completion of surveys, for 5 times over a year. One survey will be carried out before the intervention begins, another at the end of the 8-weeks of internet usage and the remaining three at the end of 4, 7 and 12 months after the intervention. The UCLA Loneliness Scale will be provided to the participants to measure their feelings on lack of companionship, being left out and isolated from friends and family (Neto, 2014). A 3-point likert scale will be used for measuring their responses (ranging from 1-5). The scale measure will be based on mean of the scores. The Mann-Whitney U test will be used for statistically evaluating the responses of the participants. It will help in determining if the levels of loneliness differed based on the amount of internet usage by the older participants (Fagerland, 2012). Ethical considerations Prior consent shall be taken from the administrators of the residential facilities from which the participants will be selected. The older residents shall be informed about the objectives of the study and their consent will be taken before randomization. Breadth of the research The proposed research will only investigate the effects of internet usage on perceptions of loneliness and social isolation among the older adults living in residential settings, rather than their own house. The study will not evaluate the effects of the proposed intervention on prevalence of depression, suicidal ideations or mood disorders in the target population. Older residents identified suffering from severe physical disability such as paralysis, and mental disorders such as, dementia and schizophrenia will not be included in the study. Limitations of the research Limitations of the proposed study include the presence of small sample size and lack of access to internet in most households (Bacchetti, 2013). The latter contributes to the limited computer literacy and proficiency among the older adults. Thus, an extensive training was required for most of the participants. Potential problems Communicating with older adults living in the residential care facilities may create difficulties owing to the fact that they are often scared to communicate to unknown people and may fail to understand the implications of the research intervention on their lifestyle and wellbeing. There may be loss of potential number of participants at the end of the study due to health complications and death, thereby giving misleading results References Bacchetti, P. (2013). Small sample size is not the real problem.Nature Reviews Neuroscience,14(8), 585-585. doi:10.1038/nrn3475-c3 BlaÃ… ¾un, H., Saranto, K., Rissanen, S. (2012). Impact of computer training courses on reduction of loneliness of older people in Finland and Slovenia.Computers in Human Behavior,28(4), 1202-1212. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2012.02.004 Chen, Y. R. R., Schulz, P. J. (2016). The effect of information communication technology interventions on reducing social isolation in the elderly: A systematic review.Journal of medical Internet research,18(1), e18. doi:10.2196/jmir.4596 Choi, M., Kong, S., Jung, D. (2012). Computer and internet interventions for loneliness and depression in older adults: a meta-analysis.Healthcare informatics research,18(3), 191-198. https://doi.org/10.4258/hir.2012.18.3.191 Cotten, S. R., Anderson, W. A., McCullough, B. M. (2013). Impact of internet use on loneliness and contact with others among older adults: cross-sectional analysis.Journal of medical Internet research,15(2), e39. doi:10.2196/jmir.2306 Cotten, S. R., Ford, G., Ford, S., Hale, T. M. (2012). Internet use and depression among older adults.Computers in human behavior,28(2), 496-499. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2011.10.021 Fagerland, M. W. (2012). t-tests, non-parametric tests, and large studiesa paradox of statistical practice?.BMC Medical Research Methodology,12(1), 78. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2288-12-78 Furtak, E. M., Seidel, T., Iverson, H., Briggs, D. C. (2012). Experimental and quasi-experimental studies of inquiry-based science teaching: A meta-analysis.Review of educational research,82(3), 300-329. https://doi.org/10.3102/0034654312457206 Heo, J., Chun, S., Lee, S., Lee, K. H., Kim, J. (2015). Internet use and well-being in older adults.Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking,18(5), 268-272. https://doi.org/10.1089/cyber.2014.0549 Neto, F. (2014). Psychometric analysis of the short-form UCLA Loneliness Scale (ULS-6) in older adults.European Journal of Ageing,11(4), 313-319. DOI- https://doi.org/10.1007/s10433-014-0312-1 Perissinotto, C. M., Cenzer, I. S., Covinsky, K. E. (2012). Loneliness in older persons: a predictor of functional decline and death.Archives of internal medicine,172(14), 1078-1084. doi:10.1001/archinternmed.2012.1993 Steptoe, A., Shankar, A., Demakakos, P., Wardle, J. (2013). Social isolation, loneliness, and all-cause mortality in older men and women.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences,110(15), 5797-5801. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1219686110 Treweek, S., Lockhart, P., Pitkethly, M., Cook, J. A., Kjeldstrm, M., Johansen, M., ... Jones, R. (2013). Methods to improve recruitment to randomised controlled trials: Cochrane systematic review and meta-analysis.BMJ open,3(2), e002360. doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2012-002360 Victor, C. R., Bowling, A. (2012). A longitudinal analysis of loneliness among older people in Great Britain.The Journal of psychology,146(3), 313-331. https://doi.org/10.1080/00223980.2011.609572 Yao, M. Z., Zhong, Z. J. (2014). Loneliness, social contacts and Internet addiction: A cross-lagged panel study.Computers in Human Behavior,30, 164-170. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2013.08.007

Organizational Behavior and Communication free essay sample

This paper will focus on the American Red Cross. The culture, espoused values and enacted values are all important aspects of this organization. Communication plays a very vital role in the perception and organizational culture. Perceptions within this organization might cause misalignment between espoused and enacted values. Being able to identify the role of conflict in group communication of the organization is very vital to the success of the organization. The conflict tends to improve communication within and among groups, so that the organization can be effective. American Red Cross According to http://www. firelandsredcross. org/History. htm, the American Red Cross is the largest volunteer organization in America. Since the founding of the Red Cross by Clara Barton in 1881, volunteers have been trained to help families, friends, and neighbors in the event of an emergency. It is committed to making a positive difference by improving the quality of human life, enhancing self-reliance and concern for others, and helping people avoid, prepare for, and cope with emergencies. We will write a custom essay sample on Organizational Behavior and Communication or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The American Red Cross South Arkansas chapter saves lives by responding with food, shelter, and hope when a disaster occurs. This organization saves lives. When disaster strikes, we respond with food, shelter and hope. Some of the major principles of American Red Cross Movement are: humanity, impartiality, independence, voluntary service, unity, and universality. The shared values of this organization includes: humanitarianism, stewardship, helping others, respect, voluntary spirit, continuous learning, and integrity. Some key elements toward the success of an organization should be influenced by the: culture, communication, role of conflict in group communication, and how conflict improves communication in the organization. Communication and Culture The relationship between communication and culture is very difficult to understand. Cultures are formed through communication. Communication is the way humans are able to interact by which customs, roles, rules, rituals, laws, or other patterns are created and shared. Without communication, it would be impossible to keep and pass along cultural qualities from one place and time to another. Communication plays a vital role in the success of American Red Cross and helps to achieve the desired outcomes of this organization. Culture is created, shaped, passed, and learned through communication. Therefore, communication practices are largely created, shaped, and transmitted by culture. Communication is the only organizational process that has the power to inform, educate and bring about cooperation and ultimately the kind of individual behavior change that leads to powerful cultural change. The past, present and future of this organization, which reflect the culture, can only be preserved through various communication artifacts. If the culture needs to be changed, communication is the main tool around the change process (Reiley Roberts, 2007). Misalignment and Perception Often, misalignment of espoused and enacted values affects the perception of American Red Cross. Misalignment of values causes frustration, anger, confusion and disengagment. Organization leaders talk about teamwork, but sometimes employees experience a different reality that some team members are better than others. A limited view of goals in this organization leads to efforts being ignored, unappreciated or even belittled. Conflict in Group Communication American Red Cross is composed of individuals that have different opinions, beliefs, and values that cause conflict. Conflict occurs within this organization when the organization’s differences are communicated. Conflict in group communication helps to bring clarity, vision, and direction. Therefore, group communication helps with unity of vision, clear directives, feedback, and challenges of the organization. Improving Communication Conflict allows us to listen for and understand what is felt and said. This is necessary in order to build strong relationships among those in the American Red Cross. Conflict improves communication by the ability to recognize and respond to vital matters, find ways to compromise, and a belief that solving the problem can support the interest and needs of others (Leavitt, 2000). Overall, conflict improves communication by building strong and better relationships, overcoming challenges, and being successful with work in life. Conclusion Finally, the awareness of the American Red Cross culture is necessary for continued diverse growth. In order to attract the best of the organization, a culture of diversity and open communication is needed. Once the American Red Cross has these qualities, it can improve efficiency and have more viewpoints to learn from. To make sure the organizational culture is compatible with the strategic goals of this organization, conflict must be beneficial to the overall improvement of communication in this organization and success will be guaranteed.

Free Essays on Why Europe Needs A Constitution

WHY EUROPE NEEDS A CONSTITUTION There is a remarkable contrast between the expectations and demands of those who pushed for European unification immediately after World War II, and those who contemplate the continuation of this project today- at the very least, a striking difference in rhetoric and ostensible aim. While the first-generation advocates of European integration did not hesitate to speak of the project they had in mind as a ‘United States of Europe’, evoking the example of the USA, current discussion has moved away from the model of a federal state, avoiding even the term ‘federation’. [1] Larry Siedentop’s recent book Democracy in Europe expresses a more cautious mood: as he puts it, ‘a great constitutional debate need not involve a prior commitment to federalism as the most desirable outcome in Europe. It may reveal that Europe is in the process of inventing a new political form, something more than a confederation but less than a federation- an association of so vereign states which pool their sovereignty only in very restricted areas to varying degrees, an association which does not seek to have the coercive power to act directly on individuals in the fashion of nation states.’ [2] Does this shift in climate reflect a sound realism, born of a learning-process of over four decades, or is it rather the sign of a mood of hesitancy, if not outright defeatism? Siedentop misses the mark when he complains of the lack of any profound or inspired constitutional debate on the fate of Europe, capable of seizing the imagination of its peoples. For our situation today is not comparable to that of either the Federalists or the delegates to the Assemblà ©e Nationale. At the end of the eighteenth century, in Philadelphia and Paris, the Founding Fathers and the French Revolutionaries were engaged in an extraordinary undertaking, without historical precedent. More than two hundred years later, we are not merely heirs t... Free Essays on Why Europe Needs A Constitution Free Essays on Why Europe Needs A Constitution WHY EUROPE NEEDS A CONSTITUTION There is a remarkable contrast between the expectations and demands of those who pushed for European unification immediately after World War II, and those who contemplate the continuation of this project today- at the very least, a striking difference in rhetoric and ostensible aim. While the first-generation advocates of European integration did not hesitate to speak of the project they had in mind as a ‘United States of Europe’, evoking the example of the USA, current discussion has moved away from the model of a federal state, avoiding even the term ‘federation’. [1] Larry Siedentop’s recent book Democracy in Europe expresses a more cautious mood: as he puts it, ‘a great constitutional debate need not involve a prior commitment to federalism as the most desirable outcome in Europe. It may reveal that Europe is in the process of inventing a new political form, something more than a confederation but less than a federation- an association of so vereign states which pool their sovereignty only in very restricted areas to varying degrees, an association which does not seek to have the coercive power to act directly on individuals in the fashion of nation states.’ [2] Does this shift in climate reflect a sound realism, born of a learning-process of over four decades, or is it rather the sign of a mood of hesitancy, if not outright defeatism? Siedentop misses the mark when he complains of the lack of any profound or inspired constitutional debate on the fate of Europe, capable of seizing the imagination of its peoples. For our situation today is not comparable to that of either the Federalists or the delegates to the Assemblà ©e Nationale. At the end of the eighteenth century, in Philadelphia and Paris, the Founding Fathers and the French Revolutionaries were engaged in an extraordinary undertaking, without historical precedent. More than two hundred years later, we are not merely heirs t...

Research Paper Ideas

Research Paper Ideas Research Paper Ideas Research Paper Ideas You must approach research paper topic choice very seriously. You do not take trite, long-studied research paper topics because you are unlikely to say something new. The best way is to find a topic that is sufficiently relevant and at the same time insufficiently known in the science. Undoubtedly, your research paper adviser might greatly help you. But even without outside help, it is very useful to get acquainted with the English language literature devoted to the country and the period that you want to deal with. While selecting research paper topic you must keep the perspective in range of vision. It is very good when a student dedicates his work to specific circle of college research paper topics. Thus, by the last course he compiles findings for the last scientific college work. It is important that the choice of the topic is clearly understood by the student - you have to understand the goals and objectives of research paper writing. Your research paper writing must not be purely descriptive. It should contain a central idea, the key idea dedicated to the research itself. Research Paper Ideas and Tips Once enough information is collected, you should start writing research paper. You do not have to wait until 25 articles are identified and all information is processed. Experience shows that research paper writing is about finding "white spots" that require more reference to the sources. First, make a clear research paper outline and show it to your adviser. Among research paper writer there are a lot of those who prefer writing research paper "without stopping" within two or three days. Nevertheless, it is very difficult to create a qualitative research paper, and the most part of the previous work is in vain. It is better to write college research paper in stages, writing individual parts and combining them into a coherent research or term paper. Text of the research paper writing should not consist of facts without explanation and analysis. Student should be able to group the existing material and analyze it. It is important to identify the causes, the essence and meaning of events and processes mentioned in English research paper. If the examined subject is controversial, it is better to bring both sides of the argument to the reader's attention and then indicate which side is more logical. Put forward your own ideas and original concepts. .com Research paper ideas are diverse and many students feel lost in details. As the result, they end up with producing poor essay. We offer you a unique opportunity to take advantage of professional custom research paper writing assistance. All you need to do is to place an order, provide detailed instruction and wait until your assignment is being completed for you!

Order vs. Justice Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Order vs. Justice - Essay Example Hence, it is significant to re-assess the alternatives regularly. Bull envisions elements of war, transnational loyalties, and conflict posing a challenge to the stability of the international society. In effect, war can cause anarchy in the international relations. Similarly, transnational loyalties and conflicts can affect the degree of interaction among the states with shared interests and values. Bull points out that common rules and institutions should govern and guide countries in their pursuit of the international order. States have an obligation to respect the claims of independence of other nations. Respect for the nations’ independence is a fundamental principle for the formation of the international societies (1977). According to Bull, shared rules and institutions should inform the dealings among nations with an international agenda. The pillars of the international relations order encompass diplomacy, balance of power, and international law. It is important for the nations to embrace communication, enforcement, adaptation, and safeguarding of mutually shared and understood law. In my opinion, policy and regime change can affect the international relation order. Although shared rules, as well, as the institutions exist to preserve the order, policy can result in the different interpretation global relations. Notably, Bull does not take into account the role th e justice plays in the international relation

A proposal for an e-business venture Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

A proposal for an e-business venture - Assignment Example Different types of operational issues like growth of phishing activities by hackers and also in the number of fraudulent transactions carried out on the e-commerce platform happen to generate greater risks to the conducting of the e-commerce business. Failure in enhancing data integrity and security in information sharing activities along the e-commerce platform generates effective risk to the e-commerce company (Nastase and Nastase, 2007). The functions of e-commerce companies also run effective technical risk owing to the growth of intrusion of malicious software like Trojan horses; virus attacks and also being affected by worms and activities of hackers that tend to affect both the software and hardware components. Similarly the growth of fraudulent activities and errors also relate to technical risks of the e-commerce site (Sukumar & Edgar, 2009). The management of the above risks entail the use of surveys to identify and evaluate the different types of risks related to e-commerce along with their potential of affecting the present state of activities. It also requires potential communication among interested parties and stakeholders relating to the identification of the different risks. This contributes in generating needed awareness about the risks and thereby in planning effective strategies related to designing of security and authentication tools to help in mitigating the same (Jaffe, 2000). E-commerce business operates based on the gathering of confidential information related to consumers. The e-commerce companies are thus required to act as effective custodians of the personal information generated by the customers through working on the dimensions of internal controls. Ethical and privacy concerns related to e-commerce pertain to the sharing and publication of confidential information of the consumers without the prior consent. Confidential information of consumers shared with third party may also amount to the fraudulent use of such in

Do pure monopolies exist Essay Example for Free

Do pure monopolies exist Essay â€Å"No firm is completely sheltered from rivals; all firms compete for consumer dollars. If that is so, then pure monopoly does not exist. Do you agree? † (Brue, McConnell, Flynn, 2010). I would have to agree with this statement. I do not believe that there is such a thing as a pure monopoly. There are always alternatives or substitutes available when choosing to purchase products or services from firms. Pure monopoly exists when â€Å"a single firm is the sole producer of a product for which there are no close substitutes† (Brue, McConnell, Flynn, 2010). There are less pure forms of monopoly and near-monopolies, but not totally pure monopolies. There are several main characteristics that must be present in order for a pure monopoly to exist. These are: single seller, no close substitutes, price maker, and blocked entry. A pure monopoly is an industry in which a single firm is the sole producer of a specific good or the sole supplier of a service. Their product is unique in that there are no close substitutes, therefore, consumers who decide not to purchase the monopolized product must do without it. Many people will argue that electric companies are pure monopolies. I disagree because there are alternatives available: oil, propane, natural gas, solar, and wood are substitutes that can be used as sources of light and heat. The pure monopolist controls the total quantity supplied and as a result has considerable control over price; it is a price maker. The pure monopolist confronts the usual downward-sloping product demand curve and can change its product price by changing the quantity of the product it produces. A pure monopolist faces no immediate competition because certain barriers keep potential competitors from entering the industry. Those barriers may be economic (economic of scale), technological, legal (patents and licenses), or of some other type. In a pure monopoly entry is totally blocked. All firms compete with rivals for product sales, whether they control the entire market for a product or not. The control over a market and product does not necessarily mean there is not competition. Even if one single firm were to control an entire market and their product, there is always another firm that can produce a product that holds the same qualities and is closely related to the other. The post office is usually our first choice when we want to send a letter or package, but it also has competition from FedEx, UPS, and DHL. If there were a situation where there was a market that did not have to compete with another market over product sales, there would always be competition when it comes to the amount of money they need to bring in. Many characteristics must be present to classify firms as pure monopolies. There may be less pure forms such as: the water company, the cable TV company, and the local telephone company, and near-monopolies such as: Intel, First Data Corporation, and De Beers, however, I do not believe that pure monopoly exists. All firms compete with rivals for product sales, whether they control the entire market for a product or not. When choosing to purchase products or services from firms there are always alternatives or substitutes available even though they may not be our first choice. References Brue, S. L. , McConnell, C. R. , Flynn, S. (2010). Essentials of Economics (Ashford Custom 2nd ed. ). New York: McGraw-Hill/Irwin.

My Mother - The Greatest Inspiration in My Life :: Personal Narrative

My Mother - The Greatest Inspiration in My Life When asked who their hero is, most people respond with the name of an athlete or an actress/actor. When asked who my hero is I would have to respond with a simple three letter word: mom. My mother has been the greatest inspiration in my life and is the main reason that I am where I am and who I am today. Born and raised in Richmond, Kentucky, I would like to introduce you to my mother, Vicki Grant. Currently the age of 47, Mom is the oldest of three girls. At the age of 36, mom decided to return back to college to obtain her nursing degree. This wasn’t a hard decision for her to make. The April before she enrolled in school my great grandmother passed away. This major dilemma played a major role in mom’s returning back to school. She had taken care of my great grandmother for months before she passed away, and decided that she wanted to make an impact on the lives of geriatrics. While in school, Mom didn’t have it to easy. Not only did she raise a daughter and take care of a husband, she had to deal with numerous setbacks. These included such things as my father suffering a heart attack and going on to have a triple by-pass, she herself went through an emergency surgery, which sat her a semester behind, and her father also suffered a heart attack. Mom not only dealt with these setbacks but she had the everyday task of things like cooking dinner, cleaning the house and raising a family. I don’t know how she managed it all, but somehow she did. In 1996, my mother graduated from Eastern Kentucky University with a baccalaureate of Nursing. Although it took her five years, we were still proud of her and all that she had accomplished. Today my mom is still working as a RN. Although she just quit her job at Berea Hospital, where she had been for 4 years, she is beginning a new style of nursing.

Kenney’s Inaugural Address Rhetorical Analysis Essay

John F. Kennedy’s inaugural address in January 20, 1961 was a good representation of the enormous amount of things that were taking place in that setting. Kennedy’s inaugural address enlightened America and the world on his goals for his presidency; within his speech he used a form of comparing and contrasting, repetition, and exposition. Applying these helps Kennedy’s address inspire his audience. Kennedy takes advantage of one of his most prominent strategies, repetition, to emphasize his various points. To drive in the idea of change, Kennedy repeats words like, â€Å"to those† or â€Å"to our†. Those phrases formally address the old allies, new states, or the sister republics to show respect to them and to also cause each area feel special. By specifically addressing them for the one line, it gives them acknowledgement, which places Kennedy on their good side; also making the respective audiences listen up, like a call to attention. Relating to his main goal of world peace, this strategy elaborates on the definition of â€Å"world† by noticing the spots across the globe. â€Å"Let both sides† repeats because Kennedy wants to expand the peace part of his goal. For example, Kennedy utilization of â€Å"both† elaborates the unity that he strives for, and the word â€Å"sides† refers to sides of the world and sides of â€Å"problems which divide us†. With positive change and willingness in his tone, Kennedy invites them to join him. The section states the steps of what they need to do and the positive effects that could come from their unity or the negative consequences that might evolve if the world didn’t form an alliance. Within his repetition were statements that juxtapose positive and negatives ideas of how he will execute his goals, Kennedy’s address conveys his objectives for the future to his audience. His main goal is to get â€Å"both sides begin anew the quest for peace†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Kennedy starts off with an idea of positive hope, expressing this by utilizing words like: good, pledge, assist, free, and then â€Å"casting off the chains of poverty†. Those positive words convey Kennedy’s goal to keep peace with the sister republics of the south, relating to his goal of striving for world peace. However, he then introduces the negative, which comes as a warning. The diction changes and the tone quickly go from conciliatory to authoritative, †Ã¢â‚¬ ¦in a new alliance for progress-to assist men and free government in casting off the chains of poverty. But this peaceful revolution of hope cannot become prey to hostile powers.† Because Kennedy doesn’t believe striving for world peace defines as weak, he provides a warning meanwhile, showing that America still will remain a world power. â€Å"But we shall always hope to find them strongly supporting their own freedom†¦Ã¢â‚¬  To his audience, he warns them â€Å"to remember that, in the past, those who foolishly sought power by riding the back of the tiger ended up inside.† From this, the audience can see Kennedy’s goals and his standards for the America future as well as the future for upcoming states and those who will be their ally. The importance of making sure the audience knows Kennedy will not be a weak president, benefits Kennedy because everyone knows a leader of a nation should never be known as weak. In addition to positive and negative statements, Kennedy employs exposition, or logic. Without logic and reasoning, his address wouldn’t be as inspiring. Kennedy employs exposition to tell America why we can succeed and why we should try to succeed. He remarks, â€Å"In your hands† to indicate that America has the power to change and that â€Å"the final success or failure of our course† rests in America’s hands more than the Kennedy’s hands. The remarks stand as a representation of teamwork and coming together to achieve Kennedy’s goal of world peace. Kennedy also observes that striving for freedom is in America’s history, therefore is another reason for America to help out with Kennedy’s goals. â€Å"Since this country was founded, each generation of Americans has been summoned to give testimony to its national loyalty. The graves of young Americans who answered the call to service surround the globe.† This gives another fact to the audience, particularly that Americans should help since we are proud of our heritage. To explain that we have responsibility, Kennedy claims that â€Å"the trumpet summons us again† and with our power, we should take that responsibility and fight â€Å"the common enemies of man.† Kennedy implements smart wording like â€Å"trumpet† because it’s usually associated with nobility; and words like enemies, struggle, and graves to indicate negative consequences or ideas that America needs to fight. Then Kennedy puts even more responsibility on Americans by stating, â€Å"only a few generations have been granted the role of defending freedom† and asking America if they will make history by joining him. Since Kennedy has a position of power and influence, he states that he welcomes the responsibility and he advises other to welcome it, putting more pressure for America to join his change. Kennedy’s address effectively showed his passion for achieving world peace and that he wants the world to join him by employing repetition, juxtaposition, and exposition.

Zach Galifianakis

I chose Zach Galifianakis because he is my favorite actor, why? Dear reader that’s what you are about to know. I think he is exstremely funny and when he acts in movies or tv shows he acts like a child, that’s why I like him, he reminds me of me. He has a magnificent humour and a nice looking curly hair. He is called Zach but his real name is Zacharius Knight Galifianakis. He was born in Wilkesboro, North Carolina in 1969 October the first. He had a mother named Mary Franecs who ran a community center for arts, and a father named Harry Galifianakis who was a heating oil vendor. He had two siblings a younger sister named Merrit and a older brother Greg. Zach went to college, but he failed class with by one point and moved to New York. He started his career in the back of a hamburger joint in Times Square as a comedian. But his career in television began i 1996 when he played the recurring role of a stoner named Bobby in the short lived sitcom Boston Common. He had his own comedy show called Comedy Central Presents that first came out in September 2001. He acted some small roles like in the films Corky Romano, Below, Bubble Boy, Heartbreakers, Into the Wild, Super High Me, Little Fish Strange Pond, and Largo. He is most known for playing in the â€Å"Hangover† movies as Alan an annoying brother, â€Å"Due Date† as Ethan an annoying and stupid stalker and â€Å"It’s a kind of a funny story† as Bobby and depressed old man. Today he is forty years old and famous actor that has his future in front of him. First I thought he was 20-30 years old because of how he acts and his looks. It’s like he is always the same character in movies. I have much faith in him and I hope he becomes even more famous and better in the future.

Free Essays on Multi Cultural Ed

Getting Rid of the Stereotypes, and Teaching in a Multicultural Perspective It is rare that any two-classroom teachers will have the same definition for multicultural education. â€Å"The basic goal of multicultural education is to help all children understand and appreciate events and people from various points of view† (Welton, 113). Teaching with a multicultural perspective encourages appreciation and understanding of other cultures as well as one’s own. Rey Gomez states that teaching with this perspective promotes the child’s sense of the uniqueness of his own culture as a positive characteristic and enables the child to accept the uniqueness of the cultures of others. Children’s attitudes toward their race and ethnic group and other cultural groups begin to form early in the preschool years. Children are easily influenced by the cultural, opinions, and attitudes of their caregivers. Caregiver’s perceptions of ethnic and racial groups can affect the child’s attitudes toward those minority groups. â€Å"Early c hildhood educators can influence the development of positive attitudes in young children by learning about and promoting the various cultures represented among the children they teach† (Gomez, 1). Gomez also states young children can develop stereotypic viewpoints of cultures different from their own when similarities among all individuals are not emphasized. Teachers can help eliminate stereotypes by presenting material and activities that enable children to learn the similarities of all individuals. Early childhood teachers and parents of young children should become aware of the myths and assumptions associated with multicultural education so that they develop appropriate goals and methods. Listed below are some of the assumptions of multicultural education created by Paul Gorski and Bob Covert: 1. it is increasingly important for political, social, educational, and economic reasons to recognize the US is a cu... Free Essays on Multi Cultural Ed Free Essays on Multi Cultural Ed Getting Rid of the Stereotypes, and Teaching in a Multicultural Perspective It is rare that any two-classroom teachers will have the same definition for multicultural education. â€Å"The basic goal of multicultural education is to help all children understand and appreciate events and people from various points of view† (Welton, 113). Teaching with a multicultural perspective encourages appreciation and understanding of other cultures as well as one’s own. Rey Gomez states that teaching with this perspective promotes the child’s sense of the uniqueness of his own culture as a positive characteristic and enables the child to accept the uniqueness of the cultures of others. Children’s attitudes toward their race and ethnic group and other cultural groups begin to form early in the preschool years. Children are easily influenced by the cultural, opinions, and attitudes of their caregivers. Caregiver’s perceptions of ethnic and racial groups can affect the child’s attitudes toward those minority groups. â€Å"Early c hildhood educators can influence the development of positive attitudes in young children by learning about and promoting the various cultures represented among the children they teach† (Gomez, 1). Gomez also states young children can develop stereotypic viewpoints of cultures different from their own when similarities among all individuals are not emphasized. Teachers can help eliminate stereotypes by presenting material and activities that enable children to learn the similarities of all individuals. Early childhood teachers and parents of young children should become aware of the myths and assumptions associated with multicultural education so that they develop appropriate goals and methods. Listed below are some of the assumptions of multicultural education created by Paul Gorski and Bob Covert: 1. it is increasingly important for political, social, educational, and economic reasons to recognize the US is a cu...

10 Ser Conjugation Charts For Every Tense in Spanish

10 Ser Conjugation Charts For Every Tense in Spanish SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips One of the hardest parts of learning a romance language- especially one like Spanish- is verb conjugation. In Spanish, the way a verb is conjugated depends on a number of factors, including the subject, the verb tense, and the purpose of the sentence itself. That means that there are actually many versions of each verb, all of which mean something slightly different. And because so much of understanding Spanish revolves around verbs, it’s an important (though pretty confusing) part of learning Spanish as a second language. If you’re taking the AP Spanish exam, ser is one of the most critical verbs that you need to know- and know how to conjugate. Unfortunately, the conjugations for ser can be pretty tricky. But we’re here to help. In this article, we’ll give you every possible verb conjugation for the Spanish verb ser, which means â€Å"to be.† We’ll even give you a quick rundown on what ser means and when to use it! So†¦  ¡si estan listos, vamos! It's time to do like Dora and "Come on, vamanos!"Loren Javier/Flickr Every Single Ser Conjugation Chart We’ve broken down every conjugation of ser by verb tense and form! Scroll down until you see the heading for the verb tense you need, then check out the corresponding chart below. Present Indicative Yo soy Nosotros somos Tà º eres Vosotros sois Usted/El/Ella es Ustedes/Ellos/Ellas son Imperfect Indicative Yo era Nosotros à ©ramos Tà º eras Vosotros erais Usted/El/Ella era Ustedes/Ellos/Ellas eran Preterite Indicative Yo fui Nosotros fuimos Tà º fuiste Vosotros fuisteis Usted/El/Ella fue Ustedes/Ellos/Ellas fueron Future Indicative Yo serà © Nosotros seremos Tà º sers Vosotros serà ©is Usted/El/Ella ser Ustedes/Ellos/Ellas sern Conditional Yo serà ­a Nosotros serà ­amos Tà º serà ­as Vosotros serà ­ais Usted/El/Ella serà ­a Ustedes/Ellos/Ellas serà ­an Present Subjunctive Yo sea Nosotros seamos Tà º seas Vosotros seis Usted/El/Ella sea Ustedes/Ellos/Ellas sean Imperative or Command Yo - - Nosotros seamos Tà º sà © Vosotros sed Usted/El/Ella sea Ustedes/Ellos/Ellas sean Imperfect Subjunctive Note that there are two conjugations for the imperfect subjunctive. In Spanish, these conjugation forms can be used interchangeably! Yo fuera Nosotros fuà ©ramos Tà º fueras Vosotros fuerais Usted/El/Ella fuera Ustedes/Ellos/Ellas fueran Yo fuese Nosotros fuà ©semos Tà º fueses Vosotros fueseis Usted/El/Ella fuese Ustedes/Ellos/Ellas fuesen All Perfect Tenses A quick note: there are multiple perfect tenses, including the pluperfect, preterite perfect, future perfect, conditional perfect, and present perfect subjunctive, and pluperfect subjunctive. When using these forms, the construction is always as follows: Conjugation of haber + sido You’ll conjugate haber in whatever form accompanies the perfect tense. For example, if you’re using the future perfect, you’ll conjugate haber in future tense! Yo sido Nosotros sido Tà º sido Vosotros sido Usted/El/Ella sido Ustedes/Ellos/Ellas sido Dad joke of the day: "Ser" means "to be," not "two bees" Meaning and Usage of Ser As we mentioned earlier, ser means â€Å"to be† in Spanish. But if you’re studying Spanish, you know that there’s a second verb that means â€Å"to be† as well: estar. (We’ll talk about estar in another article, so you don’t need to worry about it now.) Additionally, ser is an irregular verb. That means it doesn’t follow the normal patterns of conjugations that a regular verb- ike hablar (to speak) or vivir (to live)- do. Unfortunately, there’s no easy tip, trick, or formula to help you nail the ser conjugation each and every time. The only way to make sure you know the ser conjugations is to memorize them. So how do you know when to use ser? In general, ser is used to talk about what something is. You can think of ser as a way to talk about a thing’s permanent state or a set of characteristics that don’t change. To show you how this works, here are examples of situations that require you to use ser: Time and Date If you’re talking about a specific time (on a clock) or calendar date, you should use ser. Example: Hoy es Martes.Today is Tuesday. Example: Son las dos. It’s two o’clock. Place of Origin and Nationality Whenever you’re talking about someone’s home country, state, or where they were born, use a ser conjugation. Example: Claudio es puertorriqueà ±o. Claudio is Puerto Rican. Example: El es de Alemania.He is from Germany. Occupation or Profession Use the appropriate version of ser when speaking about a person’s job, profession, or occupation. Example: Mi abuela era doctora en Chile. My grandmother was a doctor in Chile. Example: Adela es arquitecta.Adela is an architect. Religious or Political Affiliation Use ser when you’re talking about someone’s religion or the political party they belong to. Example: El presidente de los estados unidos es republicano. The president of the United States is Republican. Example: Martin es un cristiano, entonces à ©l quiere ir a una colegio cristiano.Martin is a Christian, so he wants to go to a Christian college. What Something Is Made Of When describing what something is made of, use ser. If you’re discussing how something is made, you’ll need to use a verb like hacer (to make) instead. Example: La bicicleta es de metal. The bicycle is made of metal. Example: Los boletos son de papel.The tickets are made of paper. Possession When you’re talking about what something belongs to, use ser. This is how you indicate ownership! Example: Mitzi es la perra de Miguel. Mitzi is Miguel’s dog. Example: Esos libros fueron del seà ±or Villareal.Those books belonged to Mr. Villareal. Permanent Relationships of One Person to Another Use ser to indicate how people are related to one another. Example: Ella es la amiga de Laura. She is Laura’s friend Example: Seà ±ora Mariz es la mam de Juan.Mrs. Mariz is Juan’s mother. Where an Event Is Taking Place Use a ser conjugation to talk about the time and location of a specific event. Example: La conferencia es a las siete en la noche. The conference is at seven p.m. Example: La pasada copa del mundo fue en Rusia.The last World Cup was in Russia. Essential Characteristics of People and Things When deciding between ser and estar to talk about characteristics, use ser when you’re talking about permanent, unchanging, and/or essential traits of a person or item. Example: Colombia es un paà ­s grande. Colombia is a big country. Example: Josà © y Clara son amables.Josà © and Clara are friendly. Generalizations If you’re talking in large generalities, use a ser conjugation. Example: La prueba fue muy difà ­cil. The test was very difficult. Example:  ¡Es fabuloso viajar!It’s fabulous to travel! What's Next? If you’re preparing for the AP Spanish exam, that’s great! You might also look into other classes that offer AP exams in order to maximize your college credit and weighted GPA. Wondering what a good AP score is for the AP Spanish exam? Here’s a list of the average AP scores for every AP test! One of the tricky bits about AP tests is that it’s hard to know when to start studying for them. You’re taking the AP class, after all! Here’s a handy guide to help you figure out the best time to start studying for the AP Spanish test on your own. (Spoiler alert: you do have to study for AP tests outside of the classroom, too!)

Methods section Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Methods section - Essay Example The real motivation behind this research project was to figure out if a particular research subject that was chosen could work in an available or accessible setting. Any impacts or findings apparent in this study can be summed up to the population that have similar characteristics as the sample selected. To compensate them for their time as well as participation, the participants were compensated $10 per hour. All participants were assured of confidentiality to ensure that they give truthful answers. The data has been accumulated from both primary and secondary sources. Cameron (2009) determined that while primary data is original by nature and collected from the chosen sample; the secondary details are basically past studies on the current topic. Both primary and secondary details have been included in order to meet the research objectives. The secondary data detail has collected from: books, journals, articles, website, blogs and past publications. So the researcher does not have to devote money, time, energy, and other resources to this phase of research. Moreover, uses of texts and images will be looked at for data collection, and also documentaries and online surveys. Further, meta-analysis was used for the research investigation; Meta-analysis combines the results of several studies that address a set of related research hypotheses. Hand searching of key journals and checking of the reference lists of papers obtained is also vital. The key terms used to search the database – needs to be developed with care. The strategy is written as a sequence of requirements: include papers with specified terms, excluding papers that do not meet certain criteria. The instructional equipments and materials that were used in the research consisted of first hand information as well as experiences of the participants regarding the chosen